online assignment

                         

      MILLATH COLLEGE OF TEACHER EDUCATION SOORANAD

                        ONLINE  ASSIGNMENT

TOPIC     :   SCIENCE LABORATORY, SIGNIFICANCE AND    

                   ORGANISATION. DESIGNING A HIGH SCHOOL

                    BIOLOGY LABORATORY.

Submitted by                                                                      Submitted to                      

                                                                                                                              

DIVYA SIVADASAN                                               DIVYA.S    

                                                                                         (LECTURER IN NATURAL SCIENCE)

     INDEX

SL.NO	TOPICS	PAGE NO.
01	Introduction	3
02	Need and significance	3
03	Importance of laboratory work	3
04	General principles	3
05	Planning of a science lab	4
06	Types of Science laboratory	4
07	Laboratory Rules	6
08	Suggestions to develop infrastructure of a laboratory	6
09	Selection and purpose of apparatus, chemicals and equipments	6
10	Registers in the laboratory	6
11	Design of a high school laboratory	7
12	References	8

INTRODUCTION

For an effective and efficient teaching in science a good laboratory with necessary equipment is essential. In recent years the purposes of teaching science at the secondary stage have undergone drastic change. We do not aim at stuffing the mind of the pupils with mere facts but also developing application abilities in them abilities in them like skill of construction interest, appreciation.

NEED AND SIGNIFICANCE OF LABORATORY WORK

v  It follows the principle of “learning by doing”

v  The knowledge imparted without experimental support or evidence remains superficial.         

v  Knowledge gained through practical work creates a permanent impression in the minds of the students.

v  Laboratory experiments satisfy the curiosity of the students.

v   It inculcates various good habits, such as cooperation, coordination , initiation.

v  It helps in developing the skills of noting or making reading, drawing diagrams, sketching etc.

IMPORTANCE OF THE LABORATORY WORK

Ø  In doing laboratory work the pupils get a chance for both physical and intellect and they are learning by doing

Ø  It train in scientific thinking and helps in developing scientific attitude and method

Ø  It helps in developing manipulating skills.

Ø  It act as a motivation. Pupils interested in handling materials while performing experiment.

GENERAL PRINCIPLES

­  Fitting and furniture should be planned to be used conveniently and economically.

­  The arrangement of furniture should ensure case of supervision and proper lightening.

­  There should be enough storage accommodation and sufficient wall space.

PLANNING A SCIENCE LABORATORY

            Before constructing the laboratory, the following factor should be taken into consideration:

ü  The number of pupil working at a time.

ü  The minimum space necessary for each pupil.

ü  Imperative need of economy.

ü  Limitation of number of science teacher in secondary school.

TYPES OF SCIENCE LABORATORY

            The following are the types of science laboratories

·         Lecture – room- cum laboratory

·         All purpose laboratory

·         Lecture –cum-laboratory (by science education in secondary school)

·         Multipurpose science laboratory

Ø LECTURE – ROOM- CUM LABORATORY

The plan was devised by Dr.R.H.Whitehouse. It is economical and at same time provides an atmosphere of science. Its details are as follows:

¤        THE LAYOUT

            It consists of 45’x25’ class for 40 pupils in demonstration and 20 in practical work. Half  of the space should be used for lecture while half for practical work.

¤        WALL

The laboratory walls should be 1.5 ft thick. Nowadays as most walls are not constructed very thick, it should be seen that they are strong and echo and sound proof.

¤        FLOORING

            It should be plain and smooth, having proper slope so that it can be cleaned easily. These days stones and tiles are used in place of cement.

¤        FURNISHING

            In lecture room side, a well blackboard has to be placed. It can be used for both writing and demonstration process.

             Twenty dual tables and forty chairs must be provided. Towards laboratory side also blackboard is provided. No drawers should be provided for avoiding copying place for waste paper. Practical table opposite blackboard must be of measure 3x3½x6.

             Three sinks are provided, one for teacher and two for pupil in which one should be near window and another near wall.

Ø ALL PURPOSE LABORATORY

This type of laboratory serve the purpose of both practical as well as theoretical work, but it may not possible to carry out an effective teaching. The size of the laboratory may vary . The usual dimension of 45’x25’ for 40 pupils. Provision can be made in the walls for reagent, bottle, etc in such a way that it neither attract by light nor look ugly.

Ø LECTURE –CUM-LABORATORY

           While suggesting the plan for the science laboratory, panel for science education in secondary school kept in view that recommended of the “Reports on science teaching in schools” by UNESCO.

·        LOCATION

          The laboratories should preferably be located on a ground floor and on the extreme side of the school building if possible, So that there is no disturbance of the laboratories to the teaching.

·        LAYOUT

This panel was 825ft for 42 pupil at a time. For easy organization of laboratory classes, laboratory “A” may be set aside for chemistry practical with the provision of a square sink in the middle of each table. Laboratory “B” can be biology physics practical.

LABORATORY RULES

ª       Every pupil may have a seat assigned to him.

ª       When the pupils are working in groups they might be allow to discuss in a low tone.

ª       Unnecessary talking should be strictly forbidden.

ª       Stoppers are also be replaced on the bottle

ª       Bottle must be labeled clearly.

SUGGESTIONS TO DEVELOP INFRASTRUCTURE OF A    

                               LABORATORY

◊       Find source of fund

◊       Space for laboratory

◊       Enough apparatus and chemical

SELECTION AND PURCHASE OF APPARATUS CHEMICAL AND EQUIPMENTS

            The list of apparatus and chemical to be purchased must be prepared with the details of the experiment to be performed by the pupils and demonstrated by the teacher.

            The list of apparatus may be divided into two:

S  Essential

S  Desirable

   In preparing the list due consideration should be paid to all parts of the subjects. The teacher may not be tempted by the attractive description and catalogue. When essential have be purchased, the teacher might think of getting down desirables

REGISTERS IN THE LABORATORY

*   Permanent stock register

*   Breakable stock register

*   Consumable stock register

*   Order register

*   Requirement register

DESIGN OF A HIGH SCHOOL LAB

                                               PLAN A

                                       PLAN B

REFERENCE

Teaching Of Biological Sciences -  Jasim Ahmad

Theory and principles of education, 13^thedition by J.C AGGARWAL

                                                                                                                                    Valued By

Divya.s  (19/9/2014)

     Lecturer in natural science